Stereoisohypsograph



0. v. GRUBER.

STEREOISOHYPSOGRAPH.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.20, 1920.

Patented Nov. 211, 11922;.

lLA85 96L Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

UNITED STATES- 1,435,961 PATENT ()FFHCE...

OTTO v. GRUBER, 01E IVIUNICH, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM CARL ZEISS, QF J'IENA; GERMANY.

srnnnorsongrrsoeaerm Application filed November 20, 1920. Serial No. 425,546.

T 0 all whom it may concern 'Be it known that I, Orro VON GRUBER, a citizen of the German Empire, residing at Munich, Germany, have invented a new and useful Stereoisohypsograph, of which the following is a specification. v

The present invention relates to a device which permits of copying on a plane surface the surface of a spatial image to be obtained from a photostereogram, andin particular, elements of this surface designated heightlines and which device is equipped for this purpose with a comparator system comprising a binocular double microscope with two marks, yielding a stereoscopic mark-image, and a slide-system, and which is positively connected with a copying system, consisting of a spatial cross-slide system carrying the tool, in such a way that the position of the tool-point relatively to the copy-carrier corresponds at any one time to the position of that point of the object-surface, the images of which are seen in the comparator system as coinciding with its two marks.

Such devices are already known so far as utilization of a photostereogram is concerned,

at the taking of which the axes of the ob-' jectives were horzontal. In these known devices the slide system of the comparator system comprises four slides. Two of the latter serve for effecting a relative displacement of the microscope and the photograms in the height-direction of the photograms, whilst the two others adjust the relative displacement of the photograms and the microscope in the breadth-direction grams.

The cross-slide system contains three slides, one of which is displaceable on afixed base-plate in the depth-direction of the copycarrier, whilst the two others are dlsplaceable beside each other onthe said first slide in the breadth-direction of the copy-carrier. The cross-slide system is coupled to the comparator system by means of three levers.

According to the present invention the aforesaid coupling is so devised that the device also admits of copying height-lines if, on taking the photostereogram from which the height-lines are to be taken, the objective-axes were inclined to the vertical or horizontal. Besides, it is requisite to provide for e a relative adjustment of the tool and the copy-carrier in the depthdirection of the copy-carrier which is independent of the moof the photodirection of the photograms, be so disposed on the slide by which it is carried that its direction of displacement is variable in a plane parallel to the breadth-direction and the depth-direction of the copy-carrier, conditions arise which are particularly favorable for the coupling.

The annexed drawing shows a constructional form in plan of a device corresponding to the present invention for copying height-lines on a drawing surface.

On a base-plate 03 there is displaceably disposed a slide A, carrying a binocular double mlcroscope a, the base-line of which is perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the slide A and which contains a mark in each of its two image-planes. The micro-' carried by a cross-slide system which con-' tains on the one hand a slide C which is displaceable on the base-plate d along the same guide as the slide B, and which contains on the other hand aslide D which is adjustable on the slide 0 by means of a hand-wheel z in the direction of displacement of the slide A. Y

The base-plate 01 carries in addition a cross-slide system, comprising three slides A B and C The slide C is displaceably disposed on the base-plate d in the direction of displacement of the slide A. The slide B is displaceable on the slide C in the same direction as the slides B and C on the baseplate. The slide A is adjustable along a straight guide u which is rotatably supported on the slide C about an axis u" means of a slit 0 on a stud u of the slide A is displaceably disposed along a shaft 211m 41 parallel to the scale '0. The slide'B is displaceable by means of a screw-spindle m which is actuated from a grooved shaft 00 by a bevel wheel 00 and a bevel Wheel 00 displaceable along the said grooved shaft x and coupled to the slide C by means of a driver. The shaft m is actuated by a handwheel or accessible to the right hand of the observer; the motions of this hand-wheel being transmitted to the shaft m by a chain drive se The slide B carries a drawing penoil 7"; the appertaining drawing board d is fastened on the base-plate d. The slide C is displaced by two screw spindles y, the left one of which is actuated by a handwheel 1 disposed on the left side of the observer and coupled to this spindle by means of a chain drive 2 whilst the right one is actuated from the left spindle by two pairs of bevel wheels a shaft 3 For transmitting the motions of the slide A to the cross-slide system A B C there 1 if and 1 g as well as serves a double lever which is rotatably supported on the base plate (1 about an axis j, which is parallel to the axis of rotation u" of the straight guide u and lies with it in .one and the same depth-plane. The two arms 1' and i of this double lever are adjustable relatively to each other for which purpose the arm j is provided with an arcguide 7' along which the arm j is movable. For fixing serves a screw 10 The arm 7' of the double lever acts by means of a slit j on a stud u of the slide A The arrangement has been made in such a way that, on the stud u coinciding with the axis of rotation a of the straight guide M the slide A occupies its zero-position in which the value zero is indicated on the scale 0 by the pointer '0 The arm j is jointedly connected by a rod 9 with a cranked lever 9' which is rotatably supported on the base-plate d and both arms of which embrace a right angle. The axis of rotation of this cranked lever lies with the axis of rotation j of the double lever in a plane which stands perpendicularly to the direction of displacementof the slide C Besides, the arm of the 'ranked lever acting from the rod is parallel to the lever-arm 9' The other arm of the cranked lever acts by means of a slit on a stud t disposed on an intermediate part t The latter serves for adjustin purposes and is so disposed on the slide g as to be adjustable relatively to this slide A in its direction of displacement. The fixing is effected by a set screw to.

The slide B is coupled to the cross-slide system A, B C by means of a double lever Lessee].

ment of the slide A. The other arm i of the double lever acts by means of a slit 7? on a stud 0 which is so disposed on the slide B that the component of its distance from the axis of rotation i is equal to the distance slide system A B C is effected by a double I lever 70 W, rotatably supported on the baseplate d about an axis 70 which lies with the axis of rotation 2' in a plane parallel to the direction of displacement of the slide B. The two arms 70 and 70* of the double lever k is, are adjustable relatively to each other, for which purpose the arm 72 is provided with an arc-guide 70 along which the arm is is movable. The fixing is effected by means of a'screw 20 The arm [0 acts by means of a slit 73 on a stud a of the slide C which is assumed to be adjustable on this slide in the direction of displacement of the slide A. The other arm 70 acts by means of a slit 70 on a stud p. The latter belongs to a slide 32 which is adjustable along a slot 30 of a rotatable slide 79 which latter is disposed on the upper slide 72 of a cross-slide system 0 10 adjustable in the direction of displacement of the slide C For fixing the slide p on the rotatable slide 9 and for fixing the latter on the slide p serve the set screws 10 and 10 respectively. The lower slide p of that cross-slide system p 10 is adjustable on the slide B in the direction of displacement of this latter slide. For fixing the slide p on the slide 29 and for fixing the latter on the slide B serve two set screws w andw respectively. The arrangement of the slides p 70 p and 19 has been made in such a way that in the zero-position of p the stud p coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotatable slide 19 and that furthermore in the simultaneous zero-position of the slides p and p the components of the distances of the stud p from the axis of rotation 70 and.

of the stud 0 from the axis of rotation 2", falling into the depth-direction, have the same value (it), and that finally, in the simultaneous zero-position of the slides 12 p and 17 the lever-arms i and 76 are parallel to one another.

On the slide C there is disposed a slide 8 which is capable of undergoing a displacement in the direction of displacement of the slide C independently of the motions of representing the ground plan projection of a height-layer, the height of which above the left-hand objective has the value Y, the device must. be adjusted 'as follows. The components of the distances of the stud m from the axis ofrotation 2' and'of the stud n from the axis of rotation 70, lying in the direction of displacement of the slide A,

and cos {3 cos The component of the respectively.

2 distance of the Y stud t from the axis of rotation of the cranked lever g", lying in the direction of displacement of the slide B; has the value 7. The arms j and 7' of the double lever 7' y' are adjusted relatively to each other in such a way as to embrace the angle 180(5, reckoned clockwise from the arm j and the arms and k of the double lever 70 k in such a way, as to embrace the angle 180 v, reckoned clockwise from the arm 70 The straight guide U of the slide A is inclined to the direction of displacement of the slide B by the angle 6, and the slide A is so displaced out of its zero-position that the value Y, measured by the copying scale, is indicated on the scale 4) by the ointer '0 In that case the component (h) of the distance of the stud u from the axis of rotation j", lying in the direction of displacement of the slide 0 has the value Z,

measured by the copying scale, and the cor-.

and by which these slides are displaced out of their zero-positions, are as follows:

For p :6 (sin (1 cos a tan 5., cos y sin e) For p :b(cos 0: cos a tan (5, sin 7 sin e) For p zY /tan B,+y B,-2 tan B 115, cos 'y In that case the rotatable slide F" has such a positionthat the direction of displacement of the slide 70 is inclined to the direction of displacement of the slide B by an angle 8, 6 being determined by the equation tan 6, cos"y tan 6,

tan 5, sin 'y The marks of the double microscope at are adjusted for the images of an object-point with the co-ordinates X, Y and Z.

In that case the following lettering has been adopted:

b connecting line).

tive.

line of the objectives (base f focal length of the right-hand objective.

oz angle of inclination of the horizontal projection of the left-hand objective axis relatively to that perpendicular to the base line which lies in the horizontal plane.

{5 angle of inclination of the left-hand objective axis relatively to the horizontal plane.

[5,, angle of inclination of the right-hand objective axis relatively to the horizontal plane.

angle of inclination of the horizontal projections of the two objective axes relatively to one another.

a angle of inclination of the baseline relatively to the horizontal-plane.

X distance of the object-point focussed from the vertical plane containing the axis of the left-hand objective.

Y distance of the object-point focussed from the horizontal plane containing the left-hand objective.

Z distance of the object-point focussed from the plane containing the left-hand objective and standing perpendicularly on the horizontal projection of the axis of the lefthand objective.

In order to use the device the observer looking into the double microscope a must actuate the hand wheels 00*, and a in such a way that the stereoscopic mark-image is guided along the stereoscopic object-image. In that case the drawing pencil f traces on the drawing board d the height-line corresponding to the height Y indicated on the scale o.

I claim:

1. In a device for copying from a stereoscopic pair of photograms ofv an object of three dimensions onto a plane surface the combination of a stereo-comparator comprising four interdependent slides, A, B, C and D, a copying system containing a copy carrier and a drawing device comprising a tool and three interdependent. slides, A B and C for moving the said tool, the slides A and B being carried by slide C adjacent to each other, the.direction of displacement of slides A B and C respectively lying in one and the same plane, means comprising three levers for positively coupling the slides A, B and G with those of the said drawing device, by one of which levers the slide G is coupled to thedrawing device, this lever having two arms adjustable relatively to one another in itsplane of rotation, a two-member slide system the lower member of which is displaceable on the slide B and the upper member of which carries a straight guide rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the directions of displacement of the said two members, and means for coupling this straight guide and the said lever, while by the other two levers the &

slides A and B are coupled to the drawing device, the tool and the copy-carrier being adjustable relatively to each other in the direction of displacement of the slide C independently of the movements of that slide which carries the tool, and a system of actuating devices controlling the said stereo-comparator and the said drawing device, the said system being accessible to the operator while he is looking into the stereo-comparator.

2. In a device for copying from a stereoscopic pair of photograms of an object of three dimensions onto a plane surface the combination of a stereo-comparator comprising four interdependent slides, A, B, C and D, a copying system containing a copycarrier and a drawing device comprising a tool and three interdependent slides, A B and G for moving the said tool, the slides A and B being carried by slide C adjacent to each other, the direction of displacement of slides A B and C respectively lying in one and the same plane, means comprising three levers for positively coupling the slides A, B and C with those of the said drawing device, by one of which levers the slide C is coupled to the drawing device, this lever having two arms adjustable relatively to one another in its plane of rotation, a two-member slide system the lower member of which is displaceable on the slide B and the upper member of which carries a straight guide rotatable about an axis perpendlcular' to the directions of displacement of the said two members, and means for coupling this straight guide and the said lever, while by the second and the third lever the slides A and B respectively are coupled to the drawing device, the second. lever having, its arms adjustable relatively to one another in its plane of rotation, a, straight guide being so disposed on the slide C as to be rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the plane of rotation of this lever, the slide A being displaceable along this guide, means for indicating the projection of the displacements of the slide A into the direction of displacement of the slide B the tool and the copy-carrier be ing adjustable relatively to each other in the direction of displacement of the slide C independently of the movements of that slide which carries the tool, and a system of actuating devices controlling the said stereocomparator and the said drawing device, the said system being accessible to the operator while he is looking into the stereo-comparator.

3. In a device for copying from a stereoscopic pair of photograms of an object of three dimensions onto a plane surface the combination of a stereo-comparator comprising four independent slides, A, B,

and l), a copying system containing a copy-carrier and a drawing device comprising a tool and three interdependent slides A B and C for moving the said tool, the slides A and B being carried by slide C adjacent to each other, the direction of displacement of slides A B and C respectively lying in one and the same plane, means comprising three levers for positively coupling the slides A, B and C with those of the said drawing device, by one of which levers the slide C is coupled to the drawing device, this lever having two arms adjustable relatively to one another in its plane of rotation, a two member slide system the lower member of which is displaceable on the slide B and the upper member of which carries a straight guide rotatable about an axis perpendicular to the directions of displacement of the said two members, and means for coupling this straight guide and the said lever, while by the other ,two levers the slides A and B are coupled to the drawing device, means for coupling the tool and the slide A so as to impart to the tool a movement'in the direction of displacement of the slide C equal to the movements of the slide A relatlvely to the slide C in the direction of displacement of this slide, and a system of actuating devices c011- trolling the said stereo-comparator and the said drawing device, the said system being accessible to the operator while he is looking into the stereo-comparator.

DR. OTTO v. GRUBER.

Witnesses; PAUL KRfiGER, Fnrrz SANDER. 

